10 Best Office Chair in Canada

Last updated on 19-07-2025

Advertising disclosure

Mimoglad Home Office Chair, High Back Desk Chair, Ergonomic Mesh Computer Chair with Adjustable Lumbar Support and Thickened Seat Cushion (Modern, Beige)

Why We Love It

Ergonomic design combats fatigue.
High-quality materials ensure longevity.
Breathable fabric for comfort.

Main Highlights

[𝙎𝙖𝙮 𝙂𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙗𝙮𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙍𝙚𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙚 𝙁𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙜𝙪𝙚 𝘼𝙨𝙨𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙇𝙤𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜] Mimoglad desk chair is designed to support your shoulders, high back, and lumbar region, contouring to your spine's natural shape and keeping your posture straight. So you won't end up slouching like a couch potato. Plus, it rocks from 90 to 135 degrees, allowing you to recline and rest when needed. Invest in your health and productivity with Mimoglad's Ergonomic Office Chair!
[𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙪𝙢 𝙎𝙪𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝘾𝙪𝙨𝙝𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙞𝙨 𝙉𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙁𝙡𝙖𝙩] Improperly padded chairs can cause all sorts of discomfort. But fear not! Our Premium Supportive Cushion is made with high-resilience foam that conforms to your hips, reducing tailbone pressure. we've thickened the cushion from 3.4" to 4" to provide strong support. Say hello to all-day comfort with Mimoglad's Ergonomic Office Chair!
[𝘼𝙫𝙤𝙞𝙙 𝙖 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣] Claiming to be ergonomic is easy, but having adjustable functions is where the rubber meets the road. Our computer chair is allowing you to customize the height (4' up or down range) for optimal comfort and circulation. The adjustable lumbar support with padding helps combat lower back pain. upgrade to Mimoglad's Ergonomic Office Chair and get your wiggle on!
[𝙃𝙞𝙜𝙝 𝙌𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙀𝙣𝙨𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙇𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙮] The swivel chair has passed all commercial tests, so you can trust its reliability and durability. with a strong nylon frame and SGS-certified gas lift cylinder that can handle up to 300 pounds. Its sturdy casters provide smooth and quiet rolling on any floor. Upgrade to Mimoglad's chair for long-lasting quality.
[𝘿𝙤𝙣'𝙩 𝙎𝙬𝙚𝙖𝙩 𝙄𝙩 𝙤𝙪𝙩 𝙏𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙎𝙪𝙢𝙢𝙚𝙧] The mesh office chair is covered in a breathable fabric material instead of stuffy leather, so your body can keeps cool - even on the hottest days. Let your body breathe free! Your bum will thank you.
[𝙊𝙛𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙚 𝘼𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨] We believe that working in a trendy vibe promotes well-being, productivity, and fulfillment. Mimoglad collection has an elegant yet comfortable quality where impeccably youth sense is perfectly at home with classic chic sense. Try this accent computer chair to add mod appeal to your writing desk or parlor seating ensemble.

SIHOO M57 Ergonomic Office Chair with 3 Way Armrests Lumbar Support and Adjustable Headrest High Back Tilt Function Black

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Adjustable ergonomic comfort chair.
Silent, smooth-rolling casters.
Sturdy design, three-year warranty.

Main Highlights

【Features】SIHOO ergonomic chair with adjustable headrest can make neck tilt easily and comfortably, adjustable lumbar support bracket for free adjustment of height depth, 3D adjustable armrest for different office applications, 90°-126° arbitrary backrest adjustment for multiple work positions, any switch 3.15 in lift, 360 ° Freedom to rotate freely 3D handrail.
【Ergonomic design】SIHOO ergonomic office chair is recommended by Ergonomics Application Association. SIHOO's ergonomic design is based on the human body dynamic digital model. The ridge backrest and the human spine are exactly the same. The close fitting helps release the spinal pressure. The flow waterfall arc seating design Thigh support is comfortable, SIHOO will make you more comfortable.
【Material】Our home office desk chair aluminum base is stable and durable, bearing quality is good. Silent casters move freely without noise. Double back frame design, stable and durable.
【Design】SIHOO is the crystallization of the common wisdom of many professionals in human body, physiologist, product designer, mechanical engineer，does its best to make every step comfortable and safe for every customer. Every small part has strict safety quality testing. Cushion impact test, handrail fatigue test, chair foot static pressure test, in line with the strict standards of office chair.
【Warranty】Product warranty period is three years. If there is any quality problem, please contact us. After confirming, we will change the accessory for you. We promise to provide you with zero profit product accessories within three years of the warranty period.

Mimoglad Office Chair, Comfy Desk Chair - High Back Ergonomic Computer Chair with Adjustable Lumbar Support & Headrest, Flip-up Armrests for Guitar Playing, Swivel Task Chair for Home Office

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Ergonomic design supports posture.
Premium materials ensure durability.
Adjustable features for comfort.

Main Highlights

🌓[Ergonomic Office Chair That Supports You!] Designed to maintain a natural S-curve in your spine, reducing back pain and fatigue. Our adjustable lumbar support adapts to your movements, minimizing strain on the lumbar discs. The adjustable headrest prevents you from hunching forward, scrunching your shoulders. 𝐒𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫, 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫!
🌔[Comfort That Lasts-No More Numbness!] Choose sufficient padding and breathable material. The breathable mesh office chair design enhances airflow, preventing overheating during extended sitting sessions. 𝐒𝐚𝐲 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐛𝐲𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐭, 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠!
🌓[Tailored Adjustments for a Perfect Fit] Personalize your seating experience with an adjustable headrest, lumbar support, seat height, and recline function. Whether working, gaming, or relaxing, this high back office chair adapts to you! 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮, 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝!
🌕[Built to Last—Quality You Can Trust!] The reinforced nylon frame and heavy-duty metal base support up to 300 lbs. This office chair meets commercial-grade durability tests, ensuring long-term performance. SGS & BIFMA PASSED. 𝐀 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐤 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐠—𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫!
🌖[Flip-Up Armrests = Total Flexibility!] Use them down for classic support at work. Flip them up to declutter your space—slide the chair away neatly, even in tight corners. Ideal for musicians, artists, gamers, or anyone who wants one chair for many uses.
🌗[Rocking Fuction for Stress-Free Breaks!] Supports gentle movement to improve circulation and reduce fatigue. 𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐡 𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐬, 𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐫 𝐲𝐨𝐮.
🌘[Moon Grey – Subtle & Sophisticated] A neutral, versatile shade that blends seamlessly with any decor, giving your space a balanced, calming presence. 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐲 𝐨𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬!

Sihoo Ergonomics Office Chair Computer Chair Desk Chair, Adjustable Headrests Chair Backrest and Armrest's Mesh Chair (Black)

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Multiple ergonomic adjustments available.
Breathable, comfortable mesh back.
Easy, straightforward assembly process.

Main Highlights

【Multiple Adjustments】5 ergonomic adjustabilities of this computer chair help you to find the most comfortable seating position for a long term sitting. Adjustable back support, headrest adjustment, stepless seat height, and tilt adjustment plus height adjustable armrests. This executive swivel chair provide you a customized seating experience
【Breathable Mesh Back】The premium backrest with mesh fabric is flexible, mesh office chair gives you a cool feeling and comfortable sitting experience, promotes good air flow, eliminates sweating and moisture, to keep you focus and relax at the same time
【Well Padded Seat】W-shaped design for the seat ensures you sit centrally .The front edge of the seat has a waterfall front, which ensures minimum pressure on your legs during prolonged seating periods. High-density sponge-filled cushion is soft and not easily deformed
【High Quality & Easy Assembly】This home office chair has passed the BIFMA test and the static pressure test of 1136 kg. Our ergonomic office chair can support a weight of up to 150 kg. Simple instructions enable anyone to put chair together in eight simple steps
【Three Years Warranty】If there are any quality problems, Sihoo Office Chair promises to provide you with zero-profit product accessories within three years warranty period

Submi Office Chair, Ergonomic Office Chair with Footrest ＆ Wide Seat, Fabric Big and Tall Computer Chair for Adults, Adjustable Height Desk Chair, Heavy Duty Executive Recliner, 400LBS, Deep Grey

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Durable ergonomic design enhances comfort.
Spacious seating accommodates all positions.
Effortless assembly saves you time.

Main Highlights

HIGH-WEAR-RESISTANT ERGONOMIC OFFICE CHAIR：The Submi home office chair pairs high-performance breathable fabric with ergonomic engineering, delivering enduring comfort and resilience for heavy-duty use. Its stain-resistant, easy-care surface withstands daily wear while maintaining a sleek appearance, making it a stylish upgrade for both home and professional workspaces.
SPACIOUS SEATING FOR UNRESTRICTED COMFORT：Featuring an extra-wide, deep contoured seat, this chair accommodates cross-legged postures or dynamic movements with ease. The high-resilience latex cushion offers plush softness with adaptive support, molding to your body shape while reducing pressure on hips and lower back. It ensures sustained comfort even during long hours
HEAVY-DUTY CONSTRUCTION FOR ROBUST RELIABILITY：the chair integrates an industrial-grade nylon frame tested through 100,000 compression cycles for enduring durability. A professional four-stage pneumatic cylinder supports the 400-pound load capacity, while silent swivel casters pass 10,000+ mile smooth-roll tests. Armchair cushion and backrest frame made of FSC-Certified wood.
CUSTOMIZABLE RECLINE & FOOTREST SYSTEM：Tailor your seating experience with a 90°–135° adjustable backrest for upright focus or relaxed reclining, paired with an extendable footrest for added relaxation. A 3.15” height adjustment range and 360° swivel allow seamless alignment with desks of various heights, while padded armrests reduce shoulder strain. Work or unwind in personalized comfort.
TOOL-FREE ASSEMBLY & BILINGUAL CUSTOMER SUPPORT：Effortlessly assemble the chair in 15–20 minutes with the included illustrated manual and all necessary tools—no extra equipment required. Submi provides 24/7 bilingual (English/French) customer service, standing behind every chair with a 1-year warranty for peace of mind. Whether you need assembly guidance or have product questions, our team ensures prompt, professional support for a hassle-free experience.

TRALT Office Chair Ergonomic Desk Chair, 330 LBS Home Mesh Office Desk Chairs with Wheels, Comfortable Gaming Chair, High Back Office Chair for Long Hours (Light Black)

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Comfortable mesh for all bodies.
Durable construction supports heavy use.
Quick and easy assembly process.

Main Highlights

Comfortable Breathable Mesh Seat: This office chair offers a spacious seating area, accommodating various body types. Overall dimensions (including arms): 25.7" W x 17.3" D x 46.9.3"-49.2" H, Seat dimensions: 20" W x 17.3" D x 18.5"-3" H. It can support up to 330 lbs. Its unique recline function allows you to tilt the backrest (90~120°) or sit upright freely, ensuring your comfort and relaxation
330 lbs Load Capacity and Durable Construction: This chair is made of high-quality materials and has a sturdy 5-point bottom metal base to ensure strength and stability. Whether you're working or playing, enjoy a chair designed to meet your needs
Super Easy to Assemble: There is a clear assembly manual in the package, you can follow it step by step very easily. And no more extra tools are needed, all the screws and tools are already in the box. Mostly, it can be assembled within 15 minutes.
Convenient Mobility: The chair's 360° swivel base allows for effortless body rotation while seated. Its silent rolling wheels move smoothly in any direction, making it ideal for hard floors. Enjoy quiet and comfortable mobility in your office space. Can be used as student office chairs, computer chairs, ergonomic chairs, desk chairs, and gaming chairs; not only can sit comfortably, but also save money
Ergonomic Office Chair: Experience unparalleled support with our ergonomic office chair, designed to provide comprehensive assistance for your head, back, hips, and arms. Tailored lumbar support ensures your comfort and well-being. Suitable for people of about 5'5" to 6'2". Easily adjust seat height, headrest, backrest, and flip-up arms to cater to diverse needs, offering comfortable support during extended periods of sitting

Office Chair, Ergonomic Desk Chair with Adjustable Lumbar Support & Seat Height, High Back Mesh Computer Chair with Flip-up Armrests Task Chairs (Modern, Black)

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Ergonomic backrest improves posture.
Adjustable for personalized comfort.
Space-saving design with flip-up arms.

Main Highlights

【ERGONOMIC DESIGN OFFICE CHAIR--Improve Your Posture】The design of the backrest fits the shape of the human spine, with the adjustable lumbar support, the office chair will give your back strong support. And the thick seat also can relieve the hip pressure to offer you comfort. Thick padded back & seat take this chair to the next level of comfort. Choose this office chair, choose comfort.
【ADJUSTABLE DESK CHAIR--More Comfort】This task chair has a 4 inch lifting range to meet the needs of people of different heights, it also has a reclining function of 90-135 °which allows you to relax yourselves after work. This mesh computer chair with flip-up armrest and seat height adjustable means you can find the perfect position to ensure you a pain-free day for long hour sitting.
【HIGH QUALITY MATERIAL--Work is Easier】Certified by BIFMA and SGS. Mimoglad Office Chairs have Soft High-density form Seat, which is covered with durable breathable mesh fabric and has good elasticity and difficult to deform to keep comfort for longer hours. Height-adjustable GAS LIFT CHROMED, Heavy-duty base and nylon smooth-rolling casters for great stability and mobility to help promote a comfortable seated position, keeping you comfy after long hours of game or work at home.
【SPACE SAVING】The simple style of the mesh chair adapts ideally to any office furniture, especially in living rooms, bedroom, kitchen, study and office, and can be used in a variety of ways, you can flip the arms up and put it under the desk for saving space.
【WORRY FREE & Perfect Gift Idea】360 degree swivel, made of heavy-duty noiseless casters, its explosion-proof base plate with 5-star base increase safety and stability. Maximum capacity up to 135kg. We Guarantee our customers 100% satisfaction with our premium desk chair! If you’re not satisfied with this executive chair, just email us and get a replacement or a full refund WITH NO EXCUSE!

Ergonomic Office Desk Chair - Flysky Breathable Mesh Swivel Computer Chair, Lumbar Back Support Task Chair, Office Chairs with Headrest and Flip-up Arms, Adjustable Height Executive Rolling Chair

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Ergonomic design reduces fatigue.
Highly breathable mesh fabric.
Adjustable armrests save space.

Main Highlights

Comfortable Office Chair : The office chair with lumbar support, flip-up armrests and 3D headrest. Provides comfortable support for your head, back, hips, arms and waist. This ergonomic office chair suitable for work, leisure, study, gaming
Flexible Adjustment Functions: The ergonomic desk chair backrest rock 90°-120° and adjusts the home office desk chair’s height by 4‘’, so you can adjust the tilt angle and height within this range and find your favorite position to focus on work or relaxation
Durable & Breathable Mesh Office Chair: The high back office chair made of high quality breathable polyester mesh to keep you cool and comfortable. High-density foam seat cushion prevents deformation and provides all-day support. SGS BIFMA compliant gas lift with a maximum weight capacity of 320 lbs
Space-saving Design: Reversible armrests save space, and soft padding protects wrists and elbows. Smooth 360-degree swivel chair fits all flooring materials. Whether you use this office chair in the office or at home, provide a smooth, silent glide that makes every move effortless
Easy Installation& Customer Service: The computer chair can be installed in less than 20 minutes. Within 1 years warranty, we have a professional team to answer your questions. Contact us if you have any problems and we will provide you with excellent support

amseatec Office Chair,Big and Tall 400Lbs with Footrest, Ergonomic with Adjustable Backrest, Reclining Computer Chair with Double Lumbar Support, Thick Bonded Leather for Comfy (Black)

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Superior comfort for long hours.
Stylish design enhances your workspace.
Easy to install and sturdy.

Main Highlights

Superior Comfort for Long Hours: Designed for extended sitting, this comfy office chair features lumbar support and a headrest that align with your waist and neck. The upgraded sponge cushion with 20 independent spring packs ensures balanced support and comfort, preventing fatigue even after long hours
Modern and Stylish Design: Enhance your workspace with this executive chair's sleek appearance. Made from high-quality PU leather, it's waterproof, wear-resistant, and easy to clean. Available in various colors, it's perfect for homes, offices, conference rooms, and reception areas
Reclining and Adjustable: Adjust the backrest angle from 90° to 135° to suit your work and relaxation needs. The office chair also features a height-adjustable seat and a retractable footrest, allowing you to stretch out and relax during breaks
Easy Installation and Durability: With detailed instructions and tools included, assembly is straightforward. The sturdy design features five durable castors that rotate 360° and glide smoothly across different floors, ensuring stability and silent movement
Worry-free Aftersales Service: An installation video is available on the product page, and assembly takes about 30 minutes. For any questions or issues, contact us via email. We offer a 1-year warranty and are committed to providing excellent after-sales support

Amseatec Office Chair, Big and Tall Office Chair with Foot Rest Ergonomic Office Chair Home Office Desk Chairs Reclining High Back Leather Chair with Lumbar Support(Black)

Free Shipping

Why We Love It

Superior comfort for long hours.
Modern and stylish design.
Easy installation and durability.

Main Highlights

Superior Comfort for Long Hours: Designed for extended sitting, this comfy office chair features lumbar support and a headrest that align with your waist and neck. The upgraded sponge cushion with 20 independent spring packs ensures balanced support and comfort, preventing fatigue even after long hours.
Modern and Stylish Design: Enhance your workspace with this executive chair's sleek appearance. Made from high-quality PU leather, it's waterproof, wear-resistant, and easy to clean. Available in various colors, it's perfect for homes, offices, conference rooms, and reception areas.
Reclining and Adjustable: Adjust the backrest angle from 90° to 135° to suit your work and relaxation needs. The office chair also features a height-adjustable seat and a retractable footrest, allowing you to stretch out and relax during breaks.
Easy Installation and Durability: With detailed instructions and tools included, assembly is straightforward. The sturdy design features five durable castors that rotate 360° and glide smoothly across different floors, ensuring stability and silent movement.
Worry-free Aftersales Service: An installation video is available on the product page, and assembly takes about 30 minutes. For any questions or issues, contact us via email. We offer a 1-year warranty and are committed to providing excellent after-sales support.

8.7

Excellent

We scanned 1234 products

We reviewed these offers relevant to the Office Chair within online retailers such as Amazon, eBay and other local retailers, ensuring we covered all major brands and models. The products we selected come from trusted brands like Mimoglad, SIHOO, Submi, TRALT, Flysky, amseatec, all of which have a reputation for consistently delivering high-quality products that users love and innovative approaches for function & design.

For the best Office Chair in the market, we considered we took a deep dive into 6171 online reviews , focusing on elements like user satisfaction, performance in real-world conditions, and long-term reliability. Our ranking also evaluates each review’s relevancy, authenticity, up-to-dateness and depth so that the comparison is more sound.

We concluded that:

The clear winner of our analysis is Mimoglad Home Office Chair, High Back Desk Chair, Ergonomic Mesh Computer Chair with Adjustable Lumbar Support and Thickened Seat Cushion (Modern, Beige). We love many things about this product by Mimoglad. What sets it apart from the competition is Ergonomic design combats fatigue, High-quality materials ensure longevity, Breathable fabric for comfort.
The best value product for most shoppers and where user satisfaction is continuously the highest is SIHOO M57 Ergonomic Office Chair with 3 Way Armrests Lumbar Support and Adjustable Headrest High Back Tilt Function Black by SIHOO based on online reviews by bloggers, experts and online shoppers.
The biggest bargain at the moment for Office Chair and the best cost-to-value ratio is Amseatec Office Chair, Big and Tall Office Chair with Foot Rest Ergonomic Office Chair Home Office Desk Chairs Reclining High Back Leather Chair with Lumbar Support(Black)at amseatec with a % discount.
Our list of the best Office Chair is updated regularly to reflect new releases and changes in product availability, so be sure to check back often for the latest rankings and discounts.

10 Best Office Chair in Canada

Related Deals You Might Like for Office Chair

Mesh Office Chair Mid Back Office Chaise Small Task Chair with Flip up Armrests Computer Chair for Meeting Room

naspaluro Office Chair,Ergonomic Desk Chair with Adjustable Height A (Mid Back, Black)

Amseatec, Office Chair, Executive Leather Chair Home Office Desk Chairs, Ergonomic Computer Desk Chair with Adjustable Flip-Up Arms, Lumbar Support Swivel Task Chair with Rocking Function (Brown)

FDW Office Chair Computer High Back Adjustable Ergonomic Desk Chair Executive PU Leather Swivel Task Chair with Armrests Lumbar Support (Black)

Sytas Home Ergonomic Desk Chair with Supportive S-Shaped Backrest, Modern Ergonomic Home Office Chair with Thick Padded Arms and Breathable Stretchable Cushion(Gray)

Office Chair Primy Ergonomic Desk Chair with Adjustable Lumbar Support and Height, Swivel Breathable Desk Mesh Computer Chair with Flip up Armrests for Conference Room (Black)

BestOffice Home Office Chair Ergonomic Desk Chair Mesh Computer Chair with Lumbar Support Armrest Executive Rolling Swivel Adjustable Mid Back Task Chair for Women Adults, Black (Black)

Mesh Office Chair Mid Back Office Chaise Small Task Chair with Flip up Armrests Computer Chair for Meeting Room

BestOffice Home Office Chair Ergonomic Chair Mid Back PC Swivel Lumbar Support Adjustable Desk Task Computer Comfortable Mesh Chair with Armrest (Black)

Amseatec Office Chair，Criss Cross Legged Chair with Armrests & Wheels, Comfortable Adjustable Swivel Vanity Chair, Wide Home Desk Chairs for Women (Cream White)

We scanned 1234 products

We concluded that: